# Sanitary Pad Material Composition and Properties

## Introduction to Sanitary Pad Materials

Sanitary pads are essential feminine hygiene products designed to absorb menstrual flow. The materials used in their construction play a crucial role in comfort, absorption, and protection. Modern sanitary pads consist of multiple layers, each serving a specific purpose to ensure effectiveness and user comfort.

## Core Components of Sanitary Pads

### 1. Top Sheet (Cover Layer)

The top sheet is the layer that comes in direct contact with the skin. It’s typically made from:

– Non-woven polypropylene
– Perforated plastic film
– Cotton or cotton blends

Key properties: Softness, breathability, and quick-dry capability to keep skin dry.

### 2. Absorbent Core

This is the most important layer responsible for fluid absorption. Common materials include:

– Wood pulp (cellulose fluff)
– Superabsorbent polymers (SAP)
– Combination of both

Modern pads use SAP granules that can absorb many times their weight in liquid, transforming it into gel.

### 3. Back Sheet (Barrier Layer)

The back sheet prevents leakage and is usually made from:

– Polyethylene film
– Breathable microporous films
– Biodegradable materials in eco-friendly options

Properties include liquid impermeability and flexibility for comfort during movement.

### 4. Adhesive Layer

This component keeps the pad in place in underwear:

– Pressure-sensitive adhesives
– Wing adhesives for extra security
– Hypoallergenic formulations

## Specialized Materials in Premium Pads

### 1. Odor-Control Additives

– Activated charcoal
– Baking soda
– Antimicrobial agents

### 2. Comfort-Enhancing Features

– Aloe vera or vitamin E coatings
– Cooling gels
– Silk-like finishes

### 3. Eco-Friendly Alternatives

– Bamboo fiber
– Organic cotton
– Biodegradable PLA (polylactic acid) films

## Material Properties and Performance Factors

### Absorption Capacity

Measured in grams of fluid absorbed per gram of material. SAP can absorb 30-60 times its weight.

### Wicking Ability

The speed at which liquid moves from the surface to the core, preventing surface wetness.

### Breathability

Important for skin health, measured by moisture vapor transmission rate (MVTR).

### Hypoallergenic Properties

Materials must be non-irritating and free from common allergens.

## Future Trends in Sanitary Pad Materials

Research focuses on:

– Sustainable and biodegradable materials
– Enhanced comfort technologies
– Smart materials with health monitoring capabilities
– Improved breathability without compromising protection

The evolution of sanitary pad materials continues to prioritize both performance and environmental responsibility, offering women more choices than ever before.