# Sanitary Pad Material: Composition and Properties

## Introduction to Sanitary Pad Materials

Sanitary pads are essential feminine hygiene products designed to absorb menstrual flow. The materials used in their construction play a crucial role in their effectiveness, comfort, and safety. Modern sanitary pads consist of multiple layers, each serving a specific purpose.

## Core Components of Sanitary Pads

### Top Layer (Cover Sheet)

The top layer is the part that comes in direct contact with the skin. It’s typically made from:

– Non-woven polypropylene
– Perforated plastic film
– Cotton or cotton blends

This layer is designed to be soft, breathable, and quick-drying to maintain comfort during use.

### Absorbent Core

The absorbent core is the most important functional component, usually composed of:

– Fluff pulp (wood cellulose)
– Superabsorbent polymers (SAP)
– Sometimes combined with rayon or cotton fibers

The SAP can absorb many times its weight in liquid, transforming it into a gel to prevent leakage.

### Back Sheet

The back sheet prevents leakage and is typically made from:

– Polyethylene film
– Breathable microporous films
– Biodegradable materials in eco-friendly options

This layer must be waterproof yet allow some vapor transmission to reduce humidity.

## Additional Features and Materials

### Adhesive Components

Sanitary pads include:

– Pressure-sensitive adhesive for attachment to underwear
– Release paper to protect the adhesive before use

### Wings and Side Barriers

Many pads feature:

– Non-woven wing materials
– Elastic components for better fit
– Leak-proof barriers along the sides

## Material Properties and Considerations

### Absorbency

Modern pads are rated by their absorbency capacity, measured in milliliters. The combination of fluff pulp and SAP determines this property.

### Breathability

Good sanitary pads allow air circulation to reduce skin irritation and discomfort. This is achieved through:

– Perforated top sheets
– Microporous back sheets
– Natural fiber content

### Hypoallergenic Properties

Many manufacturers now use:

– Chlorine-free materials
– Fragrance-free compositions
– Dermatologically tested components

## Environmental Considerations

With growing environmental awareness, new materials are being developed:

– Biodegradable plant-based materials
– Organic cotton options
– Compostable back sheets
– Reduced plastic content

## Conclusion

The materials used in sanitary pads have evolved significantly to provide better protection, comfort, and environmental sustainability. Understanding these components helps consumers make informed choices based on their needs and values. Future developments will likely focus on improving biodegradability while maintaining or enhancing performance characteristics.