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# Sanitary Pad Raw Materials: Composition and Properties

## Introduction to Sanitary Pad Components

Sanitary pads are essential feminine hygiene products designed to absorb menstrual flow. The effectiveness and comfort of these products largely depend on the quality and composition of their raw materials. Modern sanitary pads consist of multiple layers, each serving a specific purpose in absorption, comfort, and protection.

## Core Materials in Sanitary Pads

### Top Sheet (Cover Stock)

The top sheet is the layer that comes in direct contact with the skin. It’s typically made from:

– Non-woven polypropylene
– Perforated plastic film
– Cotton or cotton blends

This layer must be soft, breathable, and allow quick liquid penetration while keeping the surface dry.

### Absorbent Core

The absorbent core is the most crucial component, responsible for fluid retention. It usually contains:

– Fluff pulp (wood cellulose)
– Superabsorbent polymers (SAP)
– Sometimes includes cotton or rayon fibers

The combination of these materials creates a highly absorbent matrix that locks in moisture.

### Back Sheet

The back sheet prevents leakage and is typically made from:

– Polyethylene film
– Breathable microporous film
– Sometimes fabric-like materials for premium products

This layer must be waterproof yet comfortable against clothing.

## Additional Components

### Adhesives

Sanitary pads use several types of adhesives:

– Body adhesive to keep the pad in place
– Packaging adhesive for individual wrapping
– Glue for layer bonding

### Release Paper

The protective strip covering the adhesive is usually made from silicone-coated paper or plastic film.

### Fragrance and Additives

Some pads include:

– Odor-neutralizing agents
– Aloe vera or vitamin E for skin comfort
– Antimicrobial treatments

## Material Properties and Considerations

Each material must meet specific requirements:

– Hypoallergenic properties
– High absorption capacity
– Quick-drying surface
– Breathability
– Soft texture
– Environmental considerations (biodegradability)

Manufacturers continually research new materials to improve performance, comfort, and environmental impact, leading to innovations like organic cotton topsheets or biodegradable backsheets.