# Sanitary Pad Raw Material Composition and Properties

## Introduction to Sanitary Pad Materials

Sanitary pads are essential feminine hygiene products designed to absorb menstrual flow and provide comfort during menstruation. The effectiveness of these products largely depends on the quality and composition of their raw materials. Modern sanitary pads consist of multiple layers, each serving a specific purpose and made from carefully selected materials.

## Core Components of Sanitary Pads

### Top Sheet (Cover Layer)

The top sheet is the layer that comes in direct contact with the skin. It’s typically made from:

– Nonwoven polypropylene or polyethylene
– Perforated plastic films
– Cotton or other natural fibers for premium products

Key properties: Softness, breathability, quick-drying capability, and hypoallergenic qualities.

### Absorbent Core

The absorbent core is the most crucial part of the pad, responsible for fluid retention. It consists of:

– Fluff pulp (wood cellulose)
– Superabsorbent polymers (SAP)
– Sometimes cotton or other natural fibers

The SAP can absorb many times its weight in liquid, transforming it into a gel to prevent leakage.

### Back Sheet

The back sheet prevents leakage and keeps moisture from reaching clothing. Materials include:

– Polyethylene film
– Microporous “breathable” films
– Nonwoven materials in some premium products

Properties: Waterproof, flexible, and comfortable against clothing.

### Adhesive Layer

This component keeps the pad in place in the underwear:

– Pressure-sensitive adhesives
– Hot melt adhesives
– Sometimes silicone-based for better adhesion

## Additional Components

### Release Paper

Protects the adhesive before use, usually made from:

– Siliconized paper
– Plastic films

### Wings (if applicable)

Extension flaps that wrap around underwear, typically made from:

– Nonwoven materials
– Sometimes with additional elastic components

## Material Properties and Considerations

### Absorbency

The combination of fluff pulp and SAP determines the pad’s absorbency. SAP content typically ranges from 5-30% of the core material.

### Breathability

Modern pads emphasize breathability to reduce skin irritation and discomfort, achieved through:

– Microporous back sheets
– Perforated top sheets
– Air-laid nonwoven materials

### Skin Safety

Materials must be:

– Hypoallergenic
– Free from harmful chemicals
– Dermatologically tested

### Environmental Considerations

Recent developments include:

– Biodegradable materials
– Organic cotton options

– Reduced plastic content

## Manufacturing Process Overview

While not a material property, the manufacturing process affects material performance:

– Air-laid technology for absorbent cores
– Ultrasonic bonding instead of adhesives in some products
– Precision application of SAP

## Future Material Trends

Emerging materials in sanitary pad production include:

– Bamboo fibers for top sheets
– Plant-based SAP alternatives
– Fully biodegradable back sheets
– Antimicrobial treatments using natural compounds

Understanding the composition and properties of sanitary pad raw materials helps consumers make informed choices and manufacturers develop better products that balance performance, comfort, and environmental impact.