# Sanitary Pad Raw Materials: Key Components and Their Functions

## Introduction to Sanitary Pad Composition

Sanitary pads are essential feminine hygiene products designed to absorb menstrual flow and provide comfort during periods. The effectiveness of these products largely depends on the quality and combination of their raw materials. Modern sanitary pads consist of multiple layers, each serving a specific purpose to ensure absorption, comfort, and protection.

## Core Components of Sanitary Pads

### 1. Top Sheet (Cover Stock)

The top sheet is the layer that comes in direct contact with the skin. It’s typically made from:

– Non-woven polypropylene or polyethylene
– Perforated plastic films
– Soft, breathable materials

Key functions:
– Provides a dry surface
– Allows quick liquid penetration
– Prevents backflow
– Offers comfort against the skin

### 2. Acquisition-Distribution Layer (ADL)

This middle layer plays a crucial role in fluid management:

– Usually composed of synthetic fibers or cellulose
– May include superabsorbent polymers (SAP)

Primary functions:
– Quickly absorbs menstrual flow
– Distributes liquid evenly
– Prevents leakage
– Helps maintain dryness

### 3. Absorbent Core

The heart of the sanitary pad, this layer handles most of the absorption:

– Typically contains fluff pulp (wood cellulose)
– Often includes superabsorbent polymers (SAP)
– May incorporate cotton or other natural fibers

Main purposes:
– Stores menstrual fluid
– Prevents leakage
– Maintains structural integrity when wet
– Controls odor

### 4. Back Sheet (Barrier Layer)

The bottom layer that prevents leaks:

– Usually made of polyethylene film
– May include breathable microporous materials
– Sometimes features adhesive strips

Essential functions:
– Creates a liquid-proof barrier
– Prevents staining of clothing
– Provides structural support
– May include adhesive wings for secure fit

### 5. Adhesives

Various adhesives serve different purposes:

– Body adhesive: Keeps pad in place
– Packaging adhesive: Seals individual pads
– Wing adhesive (if applicable): Secures wings to underwear

## Specialized Materials and Additives

Modern sanitary pads may include additional components:

– Odor control agents (activated charcoal, baking soda)
– Fragrances (though these may cause irritation for some users)
– Aloe vera or vitamin E for skin comfort
– Antibacterial treatments

## Environmental Considerations

With growing environmental awareness, manufacturers are exploring:

– Biodegradable materials (bamboo, organic cotton)
– Compostable back sheets
– Chlorine-free pulp
– Reduced plastic content

## Quality and Safety Standards

Reputable manufacturers ensure their raw materials meet:

– FDA regulations (for US market)
– EU cosmetic regulations (for European market)
– ISO quality standards
– Dermatological testing for skin safety

Understanding the materials in sanitary pads helps consumers make informed choices about comfort, effectiveness, and environmental impact. As technology advances, we can expect continued innovation in feminine hygiene product materials.