Five-year-old Khatab Khalaf desperately wants to leave the refugee camp he has called home for the last two years. He wonders why he can’t go to school like other boys his age.

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He cannot because, officially, he does not exist.

Like 45,000 other children born during Islamic State’s rule now living in camps across northern Iraq, Khatab is not acknowledged by the government.

During its three-year-reign, the jihadist group established its own state bureaucracy; registering births, deaths and marriages, as well as collecting tax and distributing welfare benefits.

But since Isil’s defeat here in early 2017, the records – stamped with its notorious black flag insignia – have become worthless.

Amina, 10, is suffering from suspected kidney failure, but has no official ID that would allow her to access medical treatment

Credit:
 Sam Tarling

In Iraq,…

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